This article delves into the historical roots, unique characteristics, and advantages of Persian rugs compared to their counterparts, offering a comprehensive understanding of what makes these rugs so special.

Historical Significance and Cultural Legacy

The tradition of Persian rug-making dates back more than 2,500 years, with its origins rooted in the ancient Persian Empire. Historical records and archaeological findings, such as the Pazyryk Carpet (believed to be over 2,400 years old), attest to the sophisticated weaving techniques and aesthetic sensibilities of ancient Persia.

Persian rugs were not merely functional items; they served as symbols of prestige and power, adorning royal courts and palaces. The art form flourished under the Safavid Dynasty (16th–18th centuries), a period often referred to as the “Golden Age” of Persian rugs. During this era, rug-making evolved into a fine art, with workshops in cities like Isfahan, Tabriz, and Kashan producing masterpieces that were traded along the Silk Road and sought after by European elites.

In contrast, the rug-weaving traditions of other countries developed later and were often influenced by Persian techniques. For instance:

• India adopted rug-making during the Mughal Empire (16th–19th centuries), incorporating Persian styles but blending them with local motifs.
• Afghanistan and Pakistan, with their tribal and nomadic cultures, produce durable and practical rugs but often rely on geometric and less intricate designs.
• Turkey, with its rich Ottoman heritage, is known for its flatweave kilims and wool-on-wool pile rugs, which emphasize functionality over artistry.

Craftsmanship and Techniques

Persian rugs are celebrated for their intricate knotting techniques, particularly the Senneh knot (asymmetric knot). This knotting method allows for greater detail and more complex designs, which can include curved lines, floral motifs, and elaborate patterns. Persian rugs often boast knot densities ranging from 200,000 to over 1 million knots per square meter, depending on the region and the intended use of the rug.

By comparison:

• Indian Rugs typically use the Turkish knot (symmetric knot), which, while durable, limits the complexity of the designs.
• Afghan Rugs feature the Persian knot in some cases but are often less densely knotted, prioritizing functionality and affordability.
• Pakistani Rugs, particularly the famous Bokhara style, are known for their soft wool and geometric motifs but lack the diverse patterns of Persian rugs.
• Turkish Rugs favor symmetrical knotting and bold, geometric patterns, focusing on practicality and vibrant colors.

Designs and Patterns

One of the hallmarks of Persian rugs is their extraordinary variety of designs, each reflecting the culture and traditions of a specific region in Iran.

• Isfahan Rugs: Known for their elegant medallion-and-vine patterns, Isfahan rugs are often woven with silk or a silk-wool blend, giving them a luxurious feel.
• Tabriz Rugs: Famous for their detailed floral and pictorial designs, these rugs showcase extraordinary craftsmanship.
• Kashan Rugs: Characterized by intricate medallion motifs and harmonious color schemes, Kashan rugs are timeless classics.
• Qashqai and Gabbeh Rugs: These tribal rugs, made by nomadic weavers, feature bold, abstract designs and vibrant colors, offering a more rustic charm.

The symbolism in Persian rug patterns is deeply rooted in Iranian culture. Motifs such as the Boteh (Paisley) symbolize eternity and life, while garden designs reflect the Persian concept of paradise.

In contrast:

• Indian Rugs often feature bold floral and geometric designs inspired by Mughal art.
• Afghan Rugs are known for their red and black color palettes and tribal motifs, which, while striking, lack the storytelling depth of Persian designs.
• Pakistani Rugs, especially the Bokhara style, are more repetitive in their patterns, focusing on geometric symmetry.
• Turkish Rugs emphasize strong geometric and floral patterns but are often less intricate than their Persian counterparts.

Material Quality and Dyeing Techniques

The materials and dyes used in Persian rugs are a testament to their superior quality and longevity. Most Persian rugs are made from:

• Silk: Used in high-end rugs, silk adds a luminous sheen and allows for intricate detailing.
• Wool: Persian rugs often use high-grade wool, including Kork wool (from lambs) and wool from sheep raised in high-altitude regions.
• Natural Dyes: Persian rug makers use plant-based and mineral dyes, creating rich, vibrant colors that age beautifully.

Rugs from other countries may use similar materials, but their quality can vary significantly:

• Indian, Afghan, and Pakistani rugs sometimes incorporate synthetic dyes, which may fade or lack the depth of natural dyes.
• Turkish rugs often use wool of good quality but may lack the same level of refinement found in Persian silk rugs.

Market Value and Investment Potential

Persian rugs are highly valued in the global market for their beauty, craftsmanship, and cultural significance. They are often considered long-term investments, with authentic antique Persian rugs appreciating in value over time. Some antique pieces fetch millions at auctions and are regarded as collectibles or family heirlooms.

By contrast:

• Rugs from India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, while more affordable, generally do not hold the same level of prestige or resale value.
• Turkish rugs, particularly kilims, are popular for their affordability and practicality but are not typically viewed as investment pieces.

Why Persian Rugs Are Peerless

Persian rugs stand out due to their:

1. Unmatched Artistry: Intricate patterns, curvilinear designs, and symbolic motifs.
2. Regional Diversity: Over 40 major weaving regions, each offering unique designs.
3. Longevity: With proper care, Persian rugs can last for generations.
4. Cultural Significance: Persian rugs are a testament to Iran’s rich history and craftsmanship.
5. Investment Value: Their rarity and artistry make them highly sought-after collectibles.

Conclusion

Persian rugs are more than just textiles—they are cultural artifacts that embody the rich history, artistry, and traditions of Iran. While rugs from countries like India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Turkey bring their own unique appeal, Persian rugs remain the gold standard in the industry.

For those seeking a rug that combines timeless beauty, exceptional craftsmanship, and cultural significance, Persian rugs are the ultimate choice. Whether as a statement piece for a home or an heirloom to pass down through generations, a Persian rug is an investment in both art and history.

The post The Timeless Elegance of Persian Rugs: A Legacy Beyond Comparison appeared first on OrigIran.

1. Historical Significance of the Iranian Carpet

The tradition of carpet weaving in Iran dates back to ancient times, with evidence pointing to a history that spans over 2,500 years. The art of carpet weaving was cultivated by various dynasties, with significant contributions from the Achaemenid, Safavid, and Qajar periods. During the Safavid dynasty (1501–1736), Persian carpet weaving reached a pinnacle, with royal patronage fostering an era of refinement in design and production. Not only were these carpets highly valued domestically, but they also became prized exports to Europe and the Middle East, particularly to affluent markets in the Persian Gulf.

Symbolism and Cultural Relevance

Persian carpets are not merely decorative items; they represent profound cultural symbols. Patterns and designs often reflect Persian mythology, religious stories, and elements of natural beauty, such as gardens and animals. Each region in Iran has its distinctive style, such as Isfahan’s intricate floral designs, the geometric patterns of Kerman, and the rich color palettes of Qom. This regional diversity adds cultural richness to the Iranian carpet industry and enhances its appeal across various markets, especially in the culturally similar Persian Gulf.

2. Unique Attributes of Iranian Carpets

The allure of Persian carpets lies in their unparalleled craftsmanship, quality of materials, and aesthetic intricacy. Key characteristics that distinguish Iranian carpets from others include:

• Materials: Persian carpets are traditionally made from high-quality wool, silk, or a blend of the two. The wool is often sourced from local sheep, known for their soft yet durable fiber, while silk is used in high-end carpets to create intricate details and add luster.
• Knotting Techniques: Persian carpets typically use asymmetrical knots, known as Senneh or Persian knots, which allow for greater detail and durability. These knots contribute to the carpet’s resilience, enabling it to last for generations.
• Dyeing Process: Iranian weavers traditionally use natural dyes derived from plants, minerals, and insects. This natural dyeing process ensures that colors retain their vibrancy over time and gives each carpet a unique character.
• Design and Symbolism: Iranian carpets are renowned for their intricate and symbolic designs. Floral, geometric, and curvilinear patterns often represent aspects of Persian mythology and spirituality, adding cultural and symbolic value that resonates in markets with shared cultural ties, like the Persian Gulf.

3. Iranian Carpets in the Persian Gulf Market

The Persian Gulf countries, particularly the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Bahrain, have a long-standing affinity for Persian carpets. The region’s historical, cultural, and economic connections with Iran have facilitated trade in carpets, making them a staple luxury item in Gulf homes, hotels, and religious spaces.

3.1 Market Dynamics and Consumer Preferences

Iranian carpets are a status symbol in the Persian Gulf. High-net-worth individuals, luxury hotels, and interior designers favor these carpets for their authenticity, artistry, and investment potential. Demand is particularly high for large, hand-woven carpets and intricate silk carpets, which reflect the Gulf’s preference for opulence and craftsmanship.

The Persian Gulf’s affluent population often seeks rare or antique Iranian carpets. Vintage Persian carpets, often passed down through generations or auctioned in global art markets, are regarded as valuable collectibles, adding further demand within the Gulf region.

3.2 Iran’s Export Channels to the Persian Gulf

Iran exports carpets to the Gulf region through direct trade and international exhibitions. Iranian carpet manufacturers and dealers frequently showcase their products in exhibitions held in the UAE, a strategic gateway to Gulf markets. These exhibitions allow Iranian artisans to connect with wealthy buyers, art collectors, and interior designers.

• Direct Exports: Iran directly exports its carpets to the Persian Gulf region, with the UAE and Qatar being major recipients. These countries facilitate easy access for Iranian traders and carpet dealers, enabling a steady flow of goods.
• Re-Export Hubs: Some Persian carpets are re-exported through the UAE to other markets within the Gulf region. The UAE, especially Dubai, acts as a re-export hub, thanks to its free trade zones, which attract global and regional buyers.

4. Challenges and Opportunities

4.1 Challenges in the Persian Carpet Market

Despite their enduring appeal, Iranian carpets face several challenges in the Persian Gulf market:

• Economic Sanctions: Ongoing international sanctions on Iran have impacted the export sector, including carpet trade. Sanctions limit Iran’s ability to participate in global financial systems, complicating transactions and logistics for carpet exporters.
• Competition: Iranian carpets face competition from countries like India, Pakistan, and Turkey, which also produce handmade carpets at relatively lower prices. Some of these countries emulate Persian designs, creating alternatives that appeal to cost-sensitive buyers in the Gulf.
• Modern Design Trends: Shifting interior design trends in the Gulf have led to a preference for minimalist and modern aesthetics. The traditional designs of Persian carpets, while still popular among some, may not align with the growing preference for contemporary interiors.

4.2 Opportunities for Growth

The market for Persian carpets remains promising, with several avenues for growth:

• Luxury Real Estate and Hospitality Sector: The booming luxury real estate and hospitality sectors in the Persian Gulf present significant opportunities. High-end hotels and resorts frequently use Persian carpets as part of their luxury offerings, contributing to sustained demand.
• Digital Marketplaces: The rise of digital platforms provides Iranian carpet makers with access to international buyers without relying on traditional trade channels. By leveraging e-commerce, Iranian artisans can reach consumers who appreciate the craftsmanship and are willing to pay a premium.
• Cultural Diplomacy: Persian carpets symbolize cultural diplomacy, and Gulf countries often encourage the trade as a cultural bridge. Governments and art institutions in the Gulf, through museum acquisitions and exhibitions, showcase Iranian carpets as artifacts of shared heritage.

5. Conclusion

The Iranian carpet industry remains a significant cultural and economic asset with a rich history and strong reputation in the Persian Gulf market. Despite modern challenges, the demand for authentic, high-quality Persian carpets endures, particularly among Gulf consumers who value tradition, luxury, and craftsmanship. By addressing economic barriers, adapting to evolving design preferences, and exploring digital marketplaces, Iranian carpet producers can continue to thrive in the Gulf and ensure the perpetuation of one of Iran’s most treasured art forms.

The post The Iranian Carpet: Heritage, Craftsmanship, and Its Market in the Persian Gulf appeared first on OrigIran.

A Journey Through the Origins of Iranian Rug Weaving

The roots of Iranian rug weaving can be traced back to the nomadic tribes of ancient Persia, where the art of crafting intricate designs on animal skins or felted wool was passed down through generations. As these nomadic communities settled, their weaving techniques evolved, incorporating new materials and motifs that reflected the cultural influences of the time.

The Golden Age of Persian Rug Weaving

The 16th and 17th centuries marked a golden age in Persian rug weaving, as royal patronage and advancements in design and technique led to the creation of some of the world’s most exquisite carpets. The Safavid dynasty, in particular, played a pivotal role in promoting the art of rug weaving, establishing workshops and encouraging the development of new styles and motifs.

A Symphony of Designs: The Distinctive Character of Iranian Rugs

Iranian rugs are characterized by their unique blend of intricate designs, vibrant colors, and enduring quality. These rugs often feature motifs inspired by nature, such as floral patterns, animal representations, and geometric shapes, which are meticulously woven into the rug’s surface using a variety of knotting techniques.

The Significance of Colors in Iranian Rugs

In Iranian rug weaving, color plays a profound role, symbolizing various emotions, concepts, and cultural traditions. The use of natural dyes derived from plants and minerals contributes to the rich palette of colors found in Iranian rugs, adding depth and vibrancy to their designs.

The Enduring Legacy of Iranian Rug Weaving

Despite the passage of time and the challenges faced by traditional crafts, Iranian rug weaving has remained a vibrant and thriving tradition. Skilled weavers continue to uphold the legacy of their ancestors, meticulously crafting carpets that embody the essence of Iranian art and culture.

Iranian Rugs in the Modern World: A Treasured Possession

Today, Iranian rugs are sought-after treasures worldwide, gracing the homes of collectors, art enthusiasts, and those seeking to add a touch of elegance and cultural significance to their living spaces. These rugs are not merely floor coverings; they are works of art, imbued with centuries of tradition and craftsmanship.

A Tapestry of Styles: Exploring the Varieties of Iranian Rugs

The world of Iranian rugs is a captivating tapestry of diverse styles, each bearing the unique imprint of its region and cultural heritage. From the intricate designs of Tabriz rugs to the vibrant colors of Bakhtiari rugs, each variety offers a distinct aesthetic that reflects the rich cultural tapestry of Iran.

1. Tabriz Rugs: Renowned for their intricate designs and vibrant colors, Tabriz rugs are a hallmark of Iranian rug weaving. These rugs, often featuring floral patterns, medallions, and geometric shapes, are crafted using the finest wool and silk, resulting in a luxurious and visually stunning floor covering.

2. Kerman Rugs: Distinguished by their soft, lustrous pile and delicate designs, Kerman rugs are a testament to the refined craftsmanship of the Kerman region. These rugs, often featuring stylized floral motifs, hunting scenes, and calligraphic inscriptions, are woven using a variety of knotting techniques, resulting in a versatile and elegant floor covering.

3. Kashan Rugs: Known for their intricate designs and enduring quality, Kashan rugs are among the most highly sought-after Iranian carpets. These rugs, often featuring dense knotting, floral patterns, and stylized depictions of animals, are woven using the finest wool and silk, resulting in a luxurious and timeless floor covering.

4. Bakhtiari Rugs: Originating from the nomadic Bakhtiari tribes, Bakhtiari rugs are characterized by their vibrant colors, bold geometric patterns, and distinctive tribal motifs. These rugs, often featuring abstract designs, stylized animal representations, and bold stripes, are woven using a variety of techniques, including knotting and flatweaving, resulting in a durable and visually striking floor covering.

5. Senneh Rugs: Renowned for their intricate designs and fine knotting, Senneh rugs are a testament to the precision and craftsmanship of the Senneh region. These rugs, often featuring dense knotting, stylized floral patterns, and geometric shapes, are woven using the finest wool and silk, resulting in a luxurious and highly collectible floor covering.

6. Heriz Rugs: Distinguished by their bold geometric

Origiran: A Guardian of Iranian Rug Weaving Heritage

Among the esteemed purveyors of Iranian rugs, Origiran stands out as a trusted and respected name. With a deep commitment to quality and a dedication to preserving traditional rug weaving practices, Origiran ensures that its exquisite rugs embody the very essence of Iranian craftsmanship.

From the meticulous selection of handpicked wool to the carefully controlled dyeing process, every step of Origiran’s rug creation reflects an unwavering commitment to authenticity and excellence. The result is a collection of rugs that captures the timeless beauty and cultural heritage of Iran, gracing homes and enriching lives worldwide.

Whether gracing the floors of grand salons or adding a touch of elegance to intimate spaces, Origiran rugs elevate every living space, transforming them into havens of refined taste and cultural appreciation. Each rug is a testament to the enduring legacy of Iranian rug weaving, a masterpiece that speaks volumes about the country’s rich heritage and unwavering commitment to preserving its artisanal traditions.

As Origiran continues to uphold the legacy of Iranian rug weaving, it simultaneously paves the way for future generations of rug weavers, ensuring that this cherished art form continues to flourish and captivate the world for centuries to come.

The post Iranian Rugs: A Tapestry of Tradition, Art, and Cultural Significance appeared first on OrigIran.

Before the U.S. withdrew from the deal and began restoring crippling sanctions earlier this year, the $425 million a year industry preserved an ancient tradition while providing much-needed income to Iranians as well as Afghan refugees, who create much of the more luxurious hand-woven pieces. Iran produces some 400 tons of carpets a year and exports 80 percent of them.

Despite the decades of mutual hostility stemming from the 1979 Islamic Revolution, the United States is one of the biggest markets for Persian rugs, accounting for more than a quarter of all exports.

But that is set to change as the U.S. imposes what it says are the toughest sanctions in history, aimed at persuading Iran to dramatically change its policies in the region, including its support for militant groups and its involvement in Syria and other conflicts.

The impact of the renewed sanctions is being felt in the grand bazaar of Kashan, an ancient city in one of Iran’s main carpet-weaving regions, known for its rich red, blue and yellow designs. On a recent day, many of the shops were closed and there were few shoppers.

The sanctions have fueled an economic crisis in Iran, where the currency has plummeted in recent months, wiping out people’s life savings and sending prices soaring. The few tourists who visit Iran cannot use foreign credit cards because of U.S. sanctions on banking, making big purchases difficult.

“I would spend more if I could pay with my credit card,” said Fabian Simon, a French tourist visiting the bazaar. “I took a certain amount of cash, and when it is finished, it is finished.”

Mahmoud Morshedi, a carpet seller who has worked in the industry for more than four decades, said the production of hand-woven rugs was already suffering from the growing popularity of cheaper machine-made carpets. His company only produces around 20 hand-woven carpets a year, down from 100 in the 1990s, when they filled orders from local exporters, Tehran businessmen and wealthy buyers from Gulf countries. “They are not coming anymore,” he said.

A small, 1.5 square meter (16 square foot) rug can take between 18 months and four years to make, and sells for up to $6,000.

Iran is barred from exporting anything directly to the United States, and traders can only ship through third countries if they conceal the origin of the product.

Javad Esfahanian, whose family runs one of the oldest carpet-making businesses in the country, said the industry is only able to survive because of cheap labor from Afghan refugees — mainly women — who have the rare skills required for luxury weaving and who will work for as little as $1.50 per day. He estimates that some 2 million people work in the industry and another 8 million rely on their income.

But the worsening economic conditions in Iran are already pushing Afghan refugees to leave, with some 350,000 returning home in just the first six months of this year, according to the U.N. agency for migration.

“If these Afghan weavers leave Iran, I am certain that production of hand-woven carpets will come to an end. I have no doubt,” Esfahanian said.

Iranian exports boomed after the landmark nuclear agreement went into effect in 2016, lifting international sanctions in return for Iran curbing its uranium enrichment. U.N. inspectors say Iran is complying with the agreement, and European countries are trying to salvage the deal, saying it provides the best means for preventing Tehran from developing nuclear weapons.

President Donald Trump was a harsh critic of the agreement, saying it was too generous and did nothing to restrain Iran’s support for militant groups like the Lebanese Hezbollah and the Palestinian Hamas or its meddling in Syria, Iraq and Yemen — none of which was part of the deal.

His administration has demanded Iran overhaul its regional policies in return for the lifting of sanctions, while Tehran appears to be waiting Trump out, hoping a future U.S. administration returns to the nuclear deal.

Mohammad Esfahanian, Javad’s 86-year-old cousin and the head of the Kashan Carpet Union, blamed his own country’s leaders for the crisis, saying “when you start cursing others in the world, they become your enemy.”

“Politics and economy are not separate from each other. If 10 stores sold the same good, which one would you buy it from? The one you have a better relationship with and the one that has a better behavior, of course.”

By AMIR VAHDAT and MOHAMMAD NASIRI (https://www.apnews.com)

The post Iran’s Persian rug-makers suffer as US unravels nuclear deal appeared first on OrigIran.

From being simple articles of need, floor and entrance coverings to protect the nomadic tribesmen from the cold and damp, the increasing beauty of the carpets found them new owners – kings and noblemen, who looked upon them as signs of wealth, prestige and distinction.

To look at a Persian carpet is to gaze into a world of artistic magnificence nurtured for more then 2,500 years. The Iranians were among the first carpet weaver of the ancient civilizations and, through centuries of creativity and ingenuity building upon the talents of the past, achieved a unique degree of excellence.

Today, carpet weaving is by far the most widespread handicraft in Iran. Persian carpets are renowned for their richness of colour, variety of spectacular artistic patterns and quality of design. In palaces, famous buildings, mansions and museums the world over, a Persian carpet is amongst the most treasured of possessions.

What is interesting to know is that these distinct weaving techniques, materials used and patterns of the rugs are not just random creations. Different tribes and different regions produce their own distinctive types of rugs that can be easily identified by their characteristic traits. rugs created by tribal weavers are markedly different from those produced by village or town weavers.

In an address to the Tenth Conference of Hand-Woven and Pictorial Carpets held in the city of Qazvin, Mohammad Mehdi Farshchi, the deputy head of Iran’s National Carpet Centre, said within the last Iranian calendar year, the Islamic Republic has exported carpets worth over $295 million to the world.

“With a 33-percent increase this year, Iran exported carpets worth $395 million to 78 countries,” he was quoted as saying in a Farsi report by the Fars News Agency.

He further noted that the government is resolved to develop the country’s non-oil exports.

“To this end, exporting hand-woven carpets can play a key role particularly because of the huge demand for Persian rugs which enjoy a top international status,” he concluded.

The post Iran Exports Handmade Carpets to 78 Countries appeared first on OrigIran.

The rugs are not only floor coverings – they’re works of art. Renowned for their rich colors and interesting designs, Persian rugs are made with all-natural wools, silk and vegetable dyes, rather than synthetic materials. Their beauty, and the impact it will have on your home, cannot be overstated. Because of their painstaking craftsmanship, Persian rugs are also highly regarded for their quality and durability. With the right attention and care, they’ll be enjoyed for generations to come. These pieces are also great investments, often increasing in worth if properly maintained.

Persian rug or Oriental rug?

There is a common misconception that Persian Rugs make up the vast majority of the Oriental Rug Market, and that Persian Rugs are superior in quality to those made in other countries. Contrary to popular belief, this is not the case. The rugs from countries like India, Pakistan, China, etc. can be just as good or better than rugs made in Iran. Currently, there is an embargo against Persian Rugs due to the sanctions imposed on Iran.

Most antique hand woven rugs are either referred to as either Persian or Oriental rugs. Often Persian and oriental rugs are used interchangeably but have you ever wondered what exactly the difference between the two is?

These hand woven rugs have their own history with ancient and intricate designs, natural wool fibers, durability and extensive workmanship making them most valuable and highly sought after around the world.

Most carpets crafted in Asia or the Middle East, including China, India, Egypt, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran, was considered oriental. Well, when Persian Empire was at its peak, Persian rugs were most popular among European consumers. Since Persian carpets were technically also oriental, the two terms became confused and started being used interchangeably.

However there are some subtle differences between Oriental and Persian rugs. All Persian rugs are oriental rugs but not all oriental rugs are Persian rugs! Here are few ways Oriental and Persian rugs differ from one another.

Country of origin

Country or origin and location can be one of the major differences for these two distinctive styles of rugs. Hand woven rugs crafted in Oriental countries like China, Turkey, Tibet, India, Pakistan, Iran and Egypt are referred to as Oriental rugs. Any carpet that has been crafted in oriental countries other than Iran can be called as Oriental rug.

Persian rugs are technically oriental rugs that are manufactured in Middle East specifically Iran which was formerly known as Persia.

Designs and pattern

Now-a-days, Persian and Oriental refer to the style, technique and design of the rug rather than the region where it was made. Persian rug designs are named after the tribe or city in which they were created. Tabriz, Hamadan, Gabbeh, Heriz, Kashan, and Kerman are some of the most popular designs. Persian rug have unusually thick pile (up to 160 knots per square inch), extremely rich color combinations and unique designs like husks, pomegranates, jugs, crosses, combs.

On the contrary, the designs of oriental rugs represent distinctive customs and traditions of the region they are produced in. for example silk rugs are a popular product of China characterized by traditional Buddhist motifs and palate of traditional colors.

Knots counts

Another difference is the way rugs are knotted together.  True oriental and Persian rugs are hand knotted on looms. Oriental rugs are tied with a symmetrical Ghiordes knot. Persian rugs are most often hand knotted using an asymmetrical or Senneh knot. Persian rugs are usually considered the highest quality oriental rugs in the world and feature high knot counts.

Material

While there are some common materials used between the two distinctive styles of rugs. Persian rugs, depending on where it was produced and the artisan, are typically made from camel hair wool, kork wool (gained from wool growing on sheep’s neck which is higher grade of Persian wool) and Manchester wool and you can also find cotton iterations as well.

Oriental carpets can be pile woven or flat woven without pile using  materials such as silk, wool and cotton. Oriental rugs also tend to have higher concentrations of cotton being used in their threads essentially making them less valuable to collectors and more susceptible to damage or dye deterioration.

Hand washing

The ancient and traditional process of hand washing a rug creates a big difference between oriental and Persian rugs. One of the reasons that Persian rugs are thought to be the softest in the entire world is because they are traditionally hand washed.

Conclusion:

Both oriental and Persian rugs are beautiful and unique in their own way. Both types of rugs increase in value over time. To be considered truly Persian or oriental, rugs must be handmade by skilled artisans. These rugs represent culture and tradition at the center of making each one and making them heirloom treasure.  Today, many elements of the carpet are created by machines, like the dye and thread. However, they are still knotted by hand using the same techniques carpet weavers used for hundreds of years.

Whatever your taste you can almost always find something suitable – subject to price – from the vast range of designs and patterns that have emerged over years.

The post PERSIAN RUGS VS. ORIENTAL DIFFERENCE appeared first on OrigIran.

Geometry in Persian Rugs

Geometrically patterned Persian carpets, woven by nomadic tribes, are decorated with linear elements composed of vertical, horizontal and diagonal lines, and are formed by a repetition of the same motif. The motif of a carpet can be used to determine the particular tribe, or place of origin.

A pattern, whether in nature or art, relies upon three characteristics: a unit, repetition, and a system of organization.

Symmetry is a fundamental organizing principle in nature and in culture. The analysis of symmetry allows for understanding the organization of a pattern, and provides a means for determining both invariance and change.

By varying relationships within patterns where symmetry is expected, otherwise predictable and repetitive patterns may be transformed into great works of art.

These variations in design occur in the two main parts of the rug: The field (or ground and the borders, which frame the interior (the field of the carpet). Designs fall into two different categories: curvilinear and rectilinear.

The most common motif for Persian rugs, especially the larger ones, is a large central medallion. Yet, even if two carpets have basically the same design, no two medallions are ever exactly the same. Some experts believe that the medallion designs stems from the very religious nature of the weavers and that their inspiration probably came from the artwork and patterns of domes of the mosques.

Symbols and motifs in Persian Rugs

Meanings of Colors in Persian Rugs

Persian Rug Patterns Classifications and Characteristics

1 – Historic Monuments & Islamic Buildings:
Inspired by tile-work, structure and geometric shapes of ancient buildings.
Some Sub Patterns:Sheikh Lotfollah, Mehrabi Kufi, Kabood Mosque, Sheikh Safi Shrine, Zire Khaki

2 – Shah Abbassi:A special flower, known as Shah Abbassi, set-off by other floral persian rug patterns and leaves
Some Sub Patterns:Allover, Medallion, Tree, Animal, Sheikh Safi, Embellished Shah Abbassi

3 – Spiral:Spiraling branches around leave. The end of each branch splits to resemble the jaws of a dragon
Some Sub Patterns:Allover Spiral, Interconnected Spiral, Broken Spiral, Medallion Spiral

4 – Allover:All parts of pattern are interconnect usually drawn without the designers hand ever being lifted
Some Sub Patterns:Khatai, Interconnected, Pomegranate Flower, Animal, Twisted Branch, Medallion

5 – Derivative:Patterns of neighboring regions Similar to persian rug patterns originally woven in Persia
Some Sub Patterns:Afghani, Caucasian, Gobelin

6 – Interconnected (Bandi):A small piece of design is repeated and connected throughout the carpet.
Some Sub Patterns:Ivy, Katieh, mudbrick, diamond, Tree, Milk, Sugar, armlet, cedar, Bakhtiari, Majlessi, Rope

7 – Paisley:Head-bent paisley (common in Indian and Iranian patterns)
Some Sub Patterns:Tufted, Deer Horn, Termeh, Saraband, Kherghei, Isfahan Pencase, Kordestani, Eight-bush

8 – Tree:Distinctive for their close resemblance to natural tree forms
Some Sub Patterns:Animal, Green Field, Panel, Cedar, Vase

9 – Torkeman (Bokharas):Geometrical shapes & broken lines. (usu. derived from the weavers imagination, not a drawing)
Some Sub Patterns:Gabbeh, Yamouti, Comb, Ghazel Gos, Akhal, Four-Panel, Saddlebag, Spoon

10 – Hunting Ground:Life-like animals
Some Sub Patterns:Tree, Panel, Medallion, Allover

11 – Panel:Multisided panel motif
Some Sub Patterns:Spiral, Koran, Column

12 – European Flower:Original Persian designs with roses in light and dark colours
Some Sub Patterns:Rose, Bijar, Mostowfi, Panel, Bouquet, Rose and Nightingale

13 – Vase:A single large vase, or a smaller vase repeated throughout the carpet
Some Sub Patterns:Khatai, Two-Way, Mehrabi, Allover, Chain, Haji Khanom, Repeate, Scar Medallion, One-Way

14 – Intertwined Fish:Originally a product of nomadic tribes and enriched by modern designers. Intertwined fish.
Some Sub Patterns:Herat, Farahan, Beehive, Senneh, Kurdestan, Tiny, Fragmented

15 – Mehrab:Representation of the place in a mosque, where the prayer leader stands. Ornamented with pillars, chandeliers & floral persian rug patterns
Some Sub Patterns:Tree, Vase-Column, Chandelier, Vase, Landscape

16 – Striped (Moharramat):Repeated stripes running the length of the carpet, each stripe with it’s own motif and colour
Some Sub Patterns:Overall Pencase, Tiny Flower (one background colour, Paisley (multiple background colours)

17 – Geometrical:Lines, and geometrical shapes (polygons, etc.)
Some Sub Patterns:Connected panel, Medallion, Striped, Scarf Medallion, Plain Ground, Khatai, Star (Mosaic)

18 – Tribal:Oldest & most original persian rug patterns. Simple creations of tribal imagination, inspired by natural surroundings
Some Sub Patterns:Heibatloo, Ghashghai Paisley, Afshari, Khatouni, Ardabil, Mazlaghan, Khamseh, Saveh, Tafresh

19 – Composites:A composite of two or more of the above patterns

Some Sub Patterns:Twisted Branch Medallion, Chanin Medallion, Interconnected Vase & Spiral, Green Field, etc

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Iranian handmade carpets are unrivaled in global markets in terms of quality, diversity and design compared to their counterparts. However, lack of planning and poor management in promoting these breath-taking treasures is preventing the industry from achieving its true potential and gaining its worthy place internationally.

With the aim of exploring the ins and outs of the Persian hand-woven carpet industry, Financial Tribune interviewed the head of Iran National Carpet Center, Hamid Kargar, at the 26th Iran Handmade Carpet Exhibition organized and sponsored by the center at Tehran’s International Permanent Fairgrounds.

The exhibition, which opened on August 23 and will run through August 29, is one of the world’s most prestigious events concerning handmade carpets.

Kargar introduced INCC as a nonprofit government organization established in 2003 to make policies and support the Persian hand-woven carpet industry.

The center consists of three main departments. The Education and Research Department offers general and specialized courses for everyone involved in the carpet production chain, apart from conducting fundamental and applied research in the field. The Production Department helps facilitate and improve production, in addition to supporting the industry players. And the Marketing Department explores ways of expanding export markets and boosting sales via advertisements and holding expos inside and outside the country.

Historical Roots

The Persian hand-woven industry, Kargar said, is ancient. The oldest surviving carpet in the world is called Pazyryk, which dates back to 2,500 years ago, coinciding with the era of Achaemenid Empire. Today, its beauty can be appreciated in the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia.

pazyryk carpet

“Its intricate colors and design indicate that carpet weaving must have existed at least 500 years before evolving into Pazyryk’s level of perfection,” he added. Hence, it is estimated that carpet weaving in Iran is as old as 3,000 years.

At present, many beautiful specimens of Persian carpets are kept in well-known museums around the globe, serving as Iran’s artistic and cultural ambassadors.

Production, Job Creation

One of the characteristics of Persian handmade carpet is its mind-blowing diversity. Carpets made by Lur nomads, Baloch tribes and Turkmens are completely different in style, color and design, the official said.

Carpet weaving is undertaken nationwide. All provinces weave carpet based on their own style and taste. That said, certain provinces are more well known in this regard, such as East Azarbaijan, Isfahan, Fars, Markazi, Yazd, Khorasan Razavi and South Khorasan.

“Currently, Iran has one million carpet weavers, 700,000 of whom work full-time,” Kargar said, explaining that considering related activities, including spinning, dyeing, repair, sales and exports, the number of people employed in this industry is really high.

He stressed that there are more than 20 related fields of activities in this industry.

Some 3 million square meters of handmade carpets are woven in Iran annually, two-thirds of which are exported and one-third meets the domestic demand.

“In this industry, you can create jobs with the least amount of investment; you can set up a carpet loom and procure raw materials with 50-100 million rials ($1,302-2,605) but the final product has high added value,” he said.

Kargar believes the hand-woven industry’s job creation is completely clean, meaning it is environment-friendly.

In other words, anybody can simply do it anywhere. No astronomical expenses are involved and the final products can be exported.

The final prices are directly related to wages. Although carpet weavers’ wages in Iran are not high, they are considered high compared with wages in our rival countries, India and Pakistan. Therefore, Iranian carpets usually have higher prices and are sometimes sold three times the price of similar rugs from other countries.

The weaver’s speed, type of carpet, size of the carpet, the amount of time spent on weaving, intricacy and carpet density determine the level of wages.

The effect of raw materials on final prices is not noticeable compared to wages, as most of the raw materials are supplied domestically. The cities of Sirjan, Kerman, Kermanshah and Mashhad supply great wool. Cotton and herbal dyes are also abundantly available in Iran. However, parts of the needed fibers are imported from Australia and New Zealand. Silk imports are also procured from China and a few other countries.

Exports Gaining Momentum

Persian carpets have long had a significant share in Iran’s non-oil exports. Iran is the biggest exporter of hand-woven carpets with a 30% share in global markets.

Used carpets have its own customers in certain markets, as the value of expensive rugs increases the more it is “treaded on”.

On average, Iran exports $300 million worth of hand-woven carpets annually. Last year, exports to about 80 countries earned $359 million. The US was the main importer of Persian carpets that amounted to $90 million.

Kargar explained that exports to the US have been gaining momentum after five to six years of “zero” exports to the country, due to the ban imposed on the import of Iranian carpets in September 2010.

As a result of international sanctions imposed on Iran over its nuclear program, the Persian hand-woven carpet exports declined significantly.

As the US has traditionally been the top customer of Iran’s handmade carpet, losing such a big market greatly harmed Iran’s carpet exports.

Sanctions were lifted in January 2016 as part of a landmark nuclear deal the country signed with world powers the year before. In exchange, Iran agreed to limit the scope of its nuclear activities.

According to Kargar, direct exports from Iran to the US resumed in February 2016.

Referring to other factors harming the Iranian handmade carpet industry, Kargar said economic sanctions did a number on Iranian exporters, as their expenses soared.

The economic recession in Europe, change of lifestyle in Iran’s exporting markets, the rivals’ good publicity in global markets and the political unrest in Arab countries also weakened demand for Iranian carpets. However, with the removal of sanctions, Kargar said, things are looking up.

The growing trend in Iran’s exports is enduring in the current fiscal year (March 2017-18), as $89 million worth of handmade carpets were exported during the four months to July 22, indicating a 7.3% rise compared with last year’s corresponding period, the Islamic Republic of Iran Customs Administration announced.

The head of INCC said India, Pakistan, Turkey, Nepal, Afghanistan and China are Iran’s main rivals in the global handmade carpet market.

Marketing and advertisement are undoubtedly vital for expanding markets, be it the carpet industry or any other business.

“Considering the fact that the Persian carpet is our cultural and artistic heritage and our ambassador in other countries with great job creation potential, many organizations in the country should consider dedicating themselves to publicizing Iranian handmade carpets, but unfortunately so far effective measures have not been taken in this regard,” Kargar said

Catering to Wide Range of Tastes

Abu Dhabi’s Sheikh Zayed Mosque in the UAE is home to the world’s largest rug. Using 38 tons of cotton and wool, it took 1,200 weavers from Neishabour in Iran’s Khorasan Razavi Province to craft the rug over a year and a half under the direction of Iranian artist Ali Khaliqi. The finished product, which was unveiled in 2007 in time for the opening of the mosque that year, incorporates 2.2 billion individual, hand-tied knots, covers 60,546 square feet and weighs 12 tons.

“Americans are usually looking for more economical, less expensive and sometimes used Iranian carpets. Japanese usually demand full-silk, delicate carpets. Arab countries are fond of large carpets with warm colors. Every market has its own taste and fortunately we have answers for every taste,” Kargar said.

The US and most European countries, especially Italy, England, Switzerland, France and Germany, as well as some Arab countries, and Japan are considered traditional markets for Persian carpets.

On the other hand, some of the customers of Persian carpets are new, such as Russia, China, South Africa and Brazil.

Germany, the UAE and Pakistan are also main importers of Persian carpets. However, these countries are not always consumers of the product per se, as they tend to reexport the products to other countries.

Referring to the common belief that hand-woven carpets are always exorbitant and unaffordable, the official said, “Carpets are diverse in terms of prices. We can offer original, good-quality and affordable handmade rugs [as well as expensive ones]; therefore, this belief is not necessarily true.”

Kargar noted that hand-woven carpets are considered a capital product since it can be bought as an investment, used for years and then sold at even higher prices. On the contrary, machine-made carpets are consumer products.

by: Ali Shirdelian

content Source: financialtribune.com

The post What Makes Persian Hand-Woven Carpet So Exraordinary? appeared first on OrigIran.

Heriz rug weavers often make them in geometric, bold patterns with a large medallion dominating the field. Such designs are traditional and often woven from memory. Similar rugs from the neighbouring towns and villages of the Heriz region are Afshar, Heris, Mehraban, Sarab, Bakhshaish, and Gorevan. [citation needed] The grades of these rugs are primarily based on village name. Serapis, for example, have been considered the finest grade of Heriz since the beginning of the 20th century.

Heriz rugs are of coarse construction. The rugs range from 30 kpsi on the low end to 100–110 kpsi on the high end. It is rare to see a rug over 100 kpsi that would look like an authentic Heriz unless it is an antique silk Heriz.

The rugs are famed for their hardwearing and durable qualities, some of the toughest rugs you will find and are extremely popular with modern interiors. The wool used is of a high quality and despite its durability it is surprisingly soft to the touch. Design is tribal and tends to geometrically adapt versions of certain Tabriz patterns; they have an eight-sided geometric medallion in the center, usually surrounded with lighter earthly and rustic tones. Heriz rugs are medium to large in size, The rugs are charming and easy on the eye with a balanced natural colour scheme which improves with age, increasing the value of the rug as it gets older. Antique Heriz rugs are treasured and highly sought after by enthusiasts and antique-dealers alike.

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mahi pattern carpet

coral field carpet

A Tabriz rug/carpet is a type in the general category of Persian carpets from the city of Tabriz. It is one of the oldest rug weaving centers and makes a huge diversity of types of carpets. The range starts at Bazaar quality of 24 raj (Number of knots per length of 7 cm of the widths of the rug) and on up to the incredibly fine 110 raj. Raj are the units of knot density (it shows the fitness of the rug which based on the number of strings used for the foundation of the rug. Strings materials are usually made of cotton or silk which is used for very fine rugs).

Tabriz has one of the most diverse displays of designs from medallion, Herati/Mahi, to figural, pictorial, and even 3-d shaped rugs. The major producers in Tabriz today include: Alabaf of Tabriz, Galibafi Nassadji Tabriz, and Miri Brothers.

Tabriz has been a large and worldwide famous carpet making center in the Iran and the world. It played a significant role in development the rich traditions of the decorative and applied arts.The art of Tabriz carpet was in its zenith in the 12th-16th centuries. About 200 Tabriz school masterpieces of the classical or “golden” period of the 14th century are characterized by a harmonic merge of the arts of miniature paintings and weaving, by a high level of craftsmanship demonstrated by artists and carpet weavers.

Most Tabriz rugs have a powerful red or blue with contrasting ivory background. Softer greens, blues and browns can be found in newer carpets to meet modern tastes and interiors. Tabriz is the host to some of the most beautiful rugs in the world and can have the price tag to match. In general the knots are fairly dense but can range anywhere between 120-850 knots per square inch (KPSI). The foundation is normally cotton with a wool pile in most cases. The popularity of Tabriz rugs dictates that all ranges of sizes, shapes, qualities and materials will be used. However, in general a good Tabriz rug will be of a high standard, medium to large in size and made with fine, soft wool.

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